Trouble with Typefaces, The
Print Action , Aug 2004 by Bolan, Zac
The Font Wars helped define the early days of desktop publishing. Adobe enabled
and dominated a new industry with the launch of PostScript in 1984. Apple provided
the platform of choice with the introduction of the Macintosh while Aldus engineered
the first digital layout application - Page-Maker. The combination of these technologies
delivered the tools of publishing into the hands of the masses for the first time
in history. From the outset there were problems with fonts.
The initial release of PostScript supported two different types of fonts - Type
1 and Type 3 - and it could be argued that Adobe`s reasoning for developing two
distinct font formats was somewhat selfish in nature. Type 1 fonts produced superior
output quality at a wide range of resolutions and font sizes through hinting. In
1984, Adobe was the only provider of Type 1 fonts, converting their entire foundry
to this new, sophisticated format. The other players were left with the less robust
- and in many cases, less stable - Type 3 font format, a point of contention for
type foundries such as MonoType and Bitstream.
Early output service providers demonstrated unpredictable behaviour - text reflowing,
PostScript errors and so on. These font formats are characterized by two components:
the screen font and the printer font. The screen font contains the bitmap information
to display the font on the computer screen, while the printer font contains the
vector information allowing the font to be scaled to different sizes and then rasterized
for output.
With PostScript`s rapid growth in popularity, Adobe eventually published the
Type 1 specifications, somewhat leveling the playing field in a volatile market.
Soon type foundries were working overtime, converting existing libraries and building
new and innovative fonts for a market long starved for choices. As much as the onslaught
of new fonts was welcomed by designers, it was feared by pre-press departments as
they struggled with conflicting font IDs, a myriad Diversions of the same fonts
and poorly written kerning tables.
As the combative nature of font marketing eased, designers were given a stable
PostScript workflow in which to realize their creations. Prepress departments too
were able to breathe a collective sigh of relief as Adobe released a significant
upgrade to their page description language with the launch of PostScript Level 2
in 1991. Finally the service bureau had a balanced environment in which to transform
the designer`s files into print.
Temporary peace
Peace ensued with PostScript workflows becoming more reliable and robust. Problems
with fonts were almost non-existent. Then Apple and Microsoft conspired to join
forces and push Adobe out of the picture in the late eighties. In 1991, the conspirators
unleashed TrueType into the prepress world. The chief advantage of this new font
format was its ability to be displayed accurately on personal computers a direct
challenge to Adobe`s Display PostScript technology. TrueType became an integral
part of Mac OS 7 and Windows 3.1 in 1992, making it the first truly cross-platform
font technology (and still widely used in the Windows world today).
The design community`s reaction to the new font format was lukewarm at best as
most already had a significant investment in Type 1 and Type 3 fonts. Adobe responded
to the TrueType challenge with Adobe Type Manager (ATM), which enabled detailed
display of Type 1 fonts on the user`s monitor. ATM also became essential for improving
Type 1 font output on non-PostScript printers. For this reason TrueType was never
really embraced by major font producers even though it had many advantages over
other font formats of the day.
Apple again attempted an assault on the font market with their proprietary QuickDraw
GX display technology and GX fonts, a direct descendent of TrueType. Again, the
market was ambivalent to their efforts and the font wars dissipated into an extended
though uneasy truce.
Not content to leave well-enough alone, Adobe created the Multiple Master font
- a format which allowed designers to significantly alter or slightly tweak a font`s
appearance while still maintaining the type face`s esthetic and typographic characteristics.
Service bureau`s struggled with Multiple Master fonts as they were forced to work
with the designer`s altered font collection, ruining many sheets of film in the
process. Once again, a promising technology failed to thrive in the mainstream.
Multiple Master font technology has largely moved behind the curtain in applications
like ATM Deluxe and Adobe Acrobat.
In a surprise move, Adobe and Microsoft rubbed their faces together in 1997 and
developed OpenType; a hybrid format largely derived from Apple`s TrueType with PostScript
information thrown in for good measure. This attempt to develop "One Font To Rule
Them All" proved to be a noble effort. Adobe released their entire library in OpenType
format in an attempt to solidify their position in the Microsoft world.
While your own experiences may vary, a straw poll I conducted of prepress departments
revealed that the large majority of designers supplying files for commercial print
still use Type 1 fonts with TrueType being the second-place font format. Very few
Type 3 or OpenType fonts make their way to the RIP these days.
3-
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Project index
- Extensis Launches Suitcase Fusion ” the Future of Font Management; Suit
- Modifying Font Size
- Embedding Fonts in Web Pages
- ORGANIZE/PRINT FONT LIBRARY WITH PRINTER`S APPRENTICE 7.5
- Pounds 79,000 cathedral font drawing found in barrow
- Samsung Licenses Font Fusion from Bitstream - Samsung Electronics Company L
- Bitstream offers small, fast font rendering subsystem for Symbian OS mo
- News: New font CD from Linotype - Linotype Library GmbH FontExplorer font lib
- Font Box 2.6 gains speed, gets a face lift - Insider Software`s font man
- Jose Rivera-Font
- The font pirates vs. Adobe: A victory for the good guys - Print Clearly - Com
- Font problems when editing PDFs
- Font problems in Acrobat 6
- Trouble with Typefaces, The
- Are Your Bills Piling Up?
- A Font of Information.
- FontAgent Pro Gets Improved Font Handling
- Random access: have you been burned by fearful technology companies? - Professi
- Font Reserve to hit Version 2 - DiamondSoft`s Font Reserve 2.0 - Product Announcement
- DEVANAGARI FONT
- Martin Stein joins Extensis as Senior Product Manager; Seasoned Apple and Q
- Extensis Ships Suitcase and Font Reserve Plug-ins for Adobe InDesign CS2;
- Microsoft`s Font Foibles
- Your Ph.D. in Fonts - using fonts in marketing materials and business correspond
- Up Front: Fixing a defiled font file
- Cave Painting, Font-de-Gaume.(Brief Article)(Poem)
- Monotype Imaging Releases the Monotype Library, OpenType Edition; Product Incl
- Buyer`s Guide: True to type: A `handwritten` font
- Font packages for Windows - Bitstream`s FaceLift and Adobe Systems` Adobe
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- Editing Macros: Fear Not
- Bitstream Receives Chinese Government Approval for GB18030 Font
- ProHelp works font and form magic on AS/400. (ProHelp Systems` FontMagic
- The best ways to enhance your desktop-publishing system - utility progra
- Digest: News from Designorati, Insider Software, Code Line, Monotype Imaging
- Solutions for 3 Common PDF Problems
- Adventures in TrueType - typefaces
- Font piracy: another view. (response to Chuck Byrne, Print, March/April 1994)
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- Corel Partners With Bitstream To Provide Next-Generation Font Support For Li
- Baptismal font, Sobata, Negev desert - fourth century - Illustration
- Font vs. typeface
- MyFonts Awarded U.S. Patent
- Font Viewer 1.3
- xp font viewer 2.2
- Free&Easy Font Viewer 1.2
- Font utility 28.03
- Advanced Fonts Viewer 1.8
- Free&Easy Font Viewer 1.2
- FontsShow 2.0
- X-Fonter 6.1
- Advanced Font Viewer 3.1
- Font viewer free for use 11.05
- FontView 1.1
- Free&Easy Font Viewer 1.2
- Fonter viewer 2.3
- Font viewer free for use 11.05
- xp font viewer 2.2
- Font Viewer 1.3
- xp font viewer 2.2
- FontPage 2.0.6
- FontReview 2.6
- Fast Font Set 1.10
- Font Viewer 1.3
- FontsShow 2.0
- Font Viewer 1.3
- Advanced Font Viewer 3.1
- X-Fonter 6.1
- Wondershare Video to Zune Converter
- FontsShow 2.0
- Typograf 4.8f
- IDAutomation UPC EAN Barcode Fonts 6.08
- fontVW Fontviewer 1.0
- TexterFlex 2.0
- ABC Amber SVG Converter 1.03
- FontViewer 1.2.3
- FontMap 2.33
- MainType 2.0
- ASCII 1.1
- FontTAB 1.3
- Advanced Font Viewer review
- Free&Easy Fonts Viewer review
- Diary Book (Upgraded) 1.5
- Free&Easy Font Viewer review
- Font Printer 2.5
- FontViewer 1.2.3
- Font Printer 2.5
- Font Namer 2.5
- Advanced Font Viewer 3.1
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